The important thing is to limit the functions to construction, and not description, of specific anatomical data. “What’s the big deal? I use light lines in the beginning anyway,” you might ask. Drawn very lightly and loosely, they are primarily used in the beginning of a figure drawing for construction. You can think of them as the rough draft lines. Penny Lines are so called because they are cheap, disposable lines. In an attempt to demystify the process and achieve economy of line, I’ve identified various functions that lines must perform, and sorted them into two categories.Įxpanding on the economy concept, I named these categories Penny Lines and Dollar Lines. After all, what would be the point of drawing five lines to define a muscle, if I can do it in one? It’s like verbal communication if you can make a clear statement using fewer, well-chosen words, that’s preferable to rambling on and on to get the same idea across. In my own drawing, I try to be as efficient as possible by packing a lot of information and intent in each line, and I encourage my students to do the same. Basically, it means that we should strive to draw efficiently by using fewer lines to say what we need to say, rather than a lot of unnecessary lines that lack a sense of intent. The concept of the economy of line is a familiar one to anyone who has studied figure drawing.
#Definition of contour lines in art how to
What if you had to pay for every line you drew? Learn how to use “Penny Lines” and “Dollar Lines” to give each mark a hierarchy of importance in your next figure drawing. You can also see the cross-contour lines across his upper arm and his hip.
From the contours, it is possible to determine the capacity of a reservoir.You can see the straight lines I used to find the angles of the figure on the right, in his upper arm, and his leg. This study is very important in locating bunds, dams and also to find out flood levels.Ħ. Catchment area and hence quantity of water flow at any point of nalla or river can be found. The routes of the railway, road, canal or sewer lines can be decided so as to minimize and balance earthworks.ĥ.
Intervisibility of any two points can be found by drawing profile of the ground along that line.Ĥ. It helps in finding out depth of cutting and filling, if formation level of road/railway is decided.ģ. By drawing the section in the plan, it is possible to find out profile of the ground along that line. Suitable site for the project works to be taken up.Ģ. A civil engineer studies the contours and finds out the nature of the ground to identify. 17.5).Ĭontour maps are extremely useful for various engineering works:ġ. If contour lines cross each other, it shows existence of overhanging cliffs or a cave (Fig. If contour lines are meeting in some portion, it shows existence of a vertical cliff (Fig. Contour lines generally do not meet or intersect each other.ġ1. Contour lines with V-shaped with convexity towards higher ground indicate valley (Fig. Contour lines with U-shape with convexity towards lower ground indicate ridge (Fig. Approximately concentric closed contours with increasing values towards centre indicate hills.Ĩ. Approximately concentric closed contours with decreasing values towards centre (Fig. Irregular contours indicate uneven surface.Ħ. Equally spaced contour indicates uniform slope.ĥ. Closely spaced contour indicates steep ground.Ĥ. Widely spaced contour indicates flat surface.ģ. Contour lines must close, not necessarily in the limits of the plan.Ģ.
The contours have the following characteristics:ġ. On contour lines the level of lines is also written. 17.1 shows contours in an area with contour interval of 1 m. The contour lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two consecutive lines constant. Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of several points in the area. A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
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